8. Command Reference and Toolbar

8.1 File

8.2 Edit

8.3 Data

8.4 Real

8.5 Integer

8.6 Avg/Max

8.7 3-Average and 10-Average

8.8 Example

8.9 Window

8.10 Help

8.11 Toolbar and Status Bar
 

Command Reference and Toolbar

File

File/New

Use the "New" command to create an empty file window. This window will be used for editing the data file. File/Open Use the "Open" command to open an existing file. File/Close Use the "Close" command to close an existing file.
  File/Save Use the "Save" command to immediately store the contents of the current window to a file while leaving the window active. "Save" can also be used to save your most recent change to a disk. File/Save As Use the "Save As" command to immediately store the contents of the current window to a file that you specify. If a window is untitled, "Save As" should be used to save your most recent changes to the disk. File/Print Preview Use the "Print Preview" command to preview before printing.
  File/Print Use the "Print" command to print the contents of a data file window.
  File/Print Setup Use the "Print setup" command to set up the printer before you print.
  File/Exit Use the "Exit" command to leave Predictor.

Edit
 
 

Edit/Undo

Use the "Undo" command to reverse the most recent edit-actions. This command can only apply to editing, not training.
  Edit/Cut Use the "Cut" command to cut the contents of the selected text. The Cut command also copies the contents of the selected text to the Windows 95/98 Clipboard.
  Edit/Copy Use the "Copy" command to copy the contents of the selected text to the Windows 95/98 Clipboard.
  Edit/Paste Use the "Paste" command to place the contents of the Windows 95/98 Clipboard into a selected position.
  Edit/Clear All Use the "Clear All" command to delete all contents of a data file.
  Edit/Delete Use the "Delete" command to delete the contents of the selected text.
  Edit/Find Use the "Find" command to find a pattern in the data files.
  Edit/Replace Use the "Replace" command to replace one pattern in the data file by another.
  Edit/Next Use the "Next" command to repeat the last Find or Replace.
  Edit/Font Use the "Font" command to replace the current font.

Data
 

Data/Link

Use the "Data/Link" command to assign the file names and set the parameters for the Predictor.
 
 

To assign names for the input file and the output files, click the command and a dialog box will be presented. By default, the Predictor will select the following names:

Input file: example2a.txt

Output file: example2b.txt

 Let the Trend be N, the Predictor will look at all N-row patterns, then look at the last N - 1 rows and makes a prediction. The number of rows in the Trend is a user-selected variable: you decide the number of rows in the Trend. If you do not make a choice, the default value uses a 5-trend. To change the Trend, click the command and under the prompt "Enter Trend", and enter your number.
 
 

The Precision-level determines the error of each variable. You can change this variable by clicking the command and under the prompt "Enter precision level", specify your number.
 
 

 Data/Input Use the " Data/Input" command to open the input file directly without specifying the file name. This command will open the input file specified by "Data/Link".
  Data/Output Use the " Data/Output" command to open the output file directly without specifying the file name. This command will open the output file specified by "Data/Link".
 
 
  Data/Test Use the " Data/Test" command to test the input file. If the error is not corrected, the Predictor will not run.

Real
 
 

Real/+ Linear

Real/-- Linear

Real/0 Linear

Real/+ Exponential

Real/-- Exponential

Real/0 Exponential
 
 

These commands are divided into two groups:   The Linear mode deals with two situations:   The Exponential mode deals with:   Each group has three commands:   Here, "+" and "--" means the upper bound and the lower bound, respectively. Assume a prediction is
 
 

x = 5.6 + 0.3 - 0.2 ,
 
 

i.e. the result is likely to be 5.6, but could be in the range [5.4, 5.9]; then

'0' prediction ==> 5.6

'+' prediction ==> 5.9

'--' prediction ==> 5.4.
 
 

 '+' and '--' predictions yield results more often than the '0' prediction, therefore, consider these two commands first. '0' prediction, on other hand, is more accurate than the other two, if it produces a prediction.
 
 
  Real/+ Linear Enumerative

Similar to + Linear command

The difference between the linear command and the linear enumerative command is that the enumerative command might offer more possibilities than the liner mode. The enumerative command looks at all possibilities where the linear command only looks at the important possibilities. However, the enumerative mode can not examine more than 10,000 possibilities (for the 10,000-neuron version). If your application requires a selection among more than 10,000 possibilities, you have to use the linear mode, or order a customized version. The 250K version, for example, will examine 250,000 possibilities.
  Real/-- Linear Enumerative Similar to -- Linear command. The enumerative command looks at all possibilities where the linear command only looks at the important possibilities.
  Real/0 Linear Enumerative Similar to 0 Linear command. The enumerative command looks at all possibilities where the linear command only looks at the important possibilities.
 

Integer

Integer/+ Linear

similar to "Real/+ Linear" but uses integers.

Integer/-- Linear

similar to "Real/+ Linear" but uses integers.

Integer/0 Linear

similar to "Real/+ Linear" but uses integers.

Integer/+ Enumerative

similar to "Real/+ Linear Enumerative" but uses integers. Integer/-- Enumerative similar to "Real/-- Linear Enumerative" but uses integers. Integer/0 Enumerative similar to "Real/0 Linear Enumerative" but uses integers.
 
 


Avg/Max
 
 

Avg|Max/+ Real Linear

similar to "Real/+ Linear" but only prints the weighted average, most probable outcome, and the error.
  Avg|Max/-- Real Linear similar to "Real/-- Linear" but only prints the weighted average, most probable outcome, and the error. Avg|Max/0 Real Linear similar to "Real/0 Linear" but only prints the weighted average, most probable outcome, and the error. Avg|Max/+ Real Exponential similar to "Real/+ Exponential" but only prints the weighted average, most probable outcome, and the error. Avg|Max/-- Real Exponential similar to "Real/-- Exponential" but only prints the weighted average, most probable outcome, and the error. Avg|Max/0 Real Exponential similar to "Real/0 Exponential" but only prints the weighted average, most probable outcome, and the error. Avg|Max/+ Integer Linear similar to "Integer/+ Linear" but only prints the weighted average, most probable outcome, and the error. Avg|Max/-- Integer Linear similar to "Integer/-- Linear" but only prints the weighted average, most probable outcome, and the error. Avg|Max/0 Integer Linear similar to "Integer/0 Linear" but only prints the weighted average, most probable outcome, and the error. Avg|Max/+ Integer Enumerative similar to "Integer/+ Linear Enumerative " but only prints the weighted average, most probable outcome, and the error. Avg|Max/-- Integer Enumerative similar to "Integer/-- Linear Enumerative " but only prints the weighted average, most probable outcome, and the error. Avg|Max/0 Integer Enumerative similar to "Integer/0 Linear Enumerative " but only prints the weighted average, most probable outcome, and the error.
 
 


3-Average and 10-Average
 
 

3-Average(10-Average)/+ Real Linear

similar to "Real/+ Linear". This command will make 3/10 predictions down the line; each time it will use the weighted-average(s) to calculate the next row of numbers. 3-Average(10-Average)/-- Real Linear similar to "Real/-- Linear". This command will make 3/10 predictions down the line; each time it will use the weighted-average(s) to calculate the next row of numbers. 3-Average(10-Average)/0 Real Linear similar to "Real/0 Linear". This command will make 3/10 predictions down the line; each time it will use the weighted-average(s) to calculate the next row of numbers. 3-Average(10-Average)/+ Real Exponential similar to "Real/+ Exponential". This command will make 3/10 predictions down the line; each time it will use the weighted-average(s) to calculate the next row of numbers. 3-Average(10-Average)/-- Real Exponential similar to "Real/-- Exponential". This command will make 3/10 predictions down the line; each time it will use the weighted-average(s) to calculate the next row of numbers. 3-Average(10-Average)/0 Real Exponential similar to "Real/0 Exponential". This command will make 3/10 predictions down the line; each time it will use the weighted-average(s) to calculate the next row of numbers.
  3-Average(10-Average)/+ Integer Linear similar to "Integer/+ Linear". This command will make 3/10 predictions down the line; each time it will use the weighted-average(s) to calculate the next row of numbers. 3-Average(10-Average)/-- Integer Linear similar to "Integer/-- Linear". This command will make 3/10 predictions down the line; each time it will use the weighted-average(s) to calculate the next row of numbers. 0 Integer Linear similar to "Integer/0 Linear". This command will make 3/10 predictions down the line; each time it will use the weighted-average(s) to calculate the next row of numbers.
 

Example
 
 

Example/Dynamic System

Use the "Example/Dynamic System" command to generate an example to predict the following dynamic system:
 
 

x (n+1) = ( x (n) + y(n) + z(n) ) Mod 7;

y (n+1) = x ( n );

z (n+1 ) = y ( n) Mod 5;
 
 

The possible states are 000, 001, . . ., 100, 101, . . . , 775.
 
 

The training data is (first 70 rows):
 
 

1 0 0

1 1 0

2 1 1

. . .

6 3 2

4 6 3

6 4 1 The next state is 464.
  Example/Markov Chain Use the "Example/Markov Chain " command to generate an example to predict the following Markov chain:
 
 

x (n+1) = ( x (n) + y(n) + z(n) ) Mod 7;

y (n+1) = x ( n );

z (n+1 ) = y ( n) Mod 5; 60%

z (n+1 ) = ( y ( n)+ 1 ) Mod 5; 40%

s (n+1 ) = ( s(n) + 1 ) Mod 5; 60%

s (n+1 ) = ( s(n) + 2 ) Mod 5; 40%

t (n+1 ) = s ( n) Mod 3;
 
 

Each state can go to 4 different states with the four respective probabilities: 36%, 24%, 24%, and 16%. The possible states are 00000, 00001, . . ., 10000, 10001, . . . , 77553. The next simulated configuration by a computer is :
 
 

6 6 1 0 1.
 
 

 Example /CASH 3 (x) Use the "Example/CASH 3 (x)" command to generate an example to predict the next day's CASH 3 winning lottery number. This command predicts the first digit, x, of the CASH 3 game. The command generates the input data file with real data from 1/1/97 - 5/16/97 in Georgia, USA. The command also initializes the Predictor for the prediction problem.
  Example /CASH 3 (y) Use the "Example/CASH 3 (y)" command to generate an example to predict the next day's CASH 3 winning lottery number. This command predicts the second digit, y, of the CASH 3 game. The command generates the input data file with real data from 1/1/97 - 5/16/97 in Georgia, USA. The command also initializes the Predictor for the prediction problem.
  Example /CASH 3 (z) Use the "Example/CASH 3 (z)" command to generate an example to predict the next day's CASH 3 winning lottery number. This command predicts the third digit, z, of the CASH 3 game. The command generates the input data file with real data from 1/1/97 - 5/16/97 in Georgia, USA. The command also initializes the Predictor for the prediction problem.
  Example /CASH 3 (x y) Use the "Example/CASH 3 (x, y)" command to generate an example to predict the next day's CASH 3 winning lottery number. This command predicts the first and second digits, xy, of the CASH 3 game. The command generates the input data file with real data from 1/1/97 - 5/16/97 in Georgia, USA. The command also initializes the Predictor for the prediction problem.
  Example /CASH 3 (x z) Use the "Example/CASH 3 (x, z)" command to generate an example to predict the next day's CASH 3 winning lottery number. This command predicts the first and third digits, xz, of the CASH 3 game. The command generates the input data file with real data from 1/1/97 - 5/16/97 in Georgia, USA. The command also initializes the Predictor for the prediction problem.
  Example /CASH 3 (y z) Use the "Example/CASH 3 (y, z)" command to generate an example to predict the next day's CASH 3 winning lottery number. This command predicts the second and third digits, yz, of the CASH 3 game. The command generates the input data file with real data from 1/1/97 - 5/16/97 in Georgia, USA. The command also initializes the Predictor for the prediction problem.
  Example /CASH 3 (x y z) Use the "Example/CASH 3 (x y z)" command to generate an example to predict the next day's CASH 3 winning lottery number. This command predicts all three digits, xyz, of the CASH 3 game at the same time. The command generates the input data file with real data from 1/1/97 - 5/16/97 in Georgia, USA. The command also initializes the Predictor for the prediction problem.
  Example /Intel 1 (Intel) Use the "Example/Intel 1(Intel)" command to generate an example to predict Intel stock price one month ahead. The data set is the Intel stock.
  Example /Intel 2 (Avg of Intel) Use the "Example/Intel 2 (Avg of Intel)" command to generate an example to predict the 5-month moving average of Intel stock price one month ahead. The data set is the 5-month moving average of Intel.
  Example /Intel 3 (Microsoft) Use the "Example/Intel 3 (Microsoft)" command to generate an example to predict the 5-month moving average of Intel stock price one month ahead. The data set is the 5-month moving average of Microsoft.
  Example /Intel 4 (Avg of Intel, SP500, MSFT ) Use the "Example/Intel 4 (Avg of Intel, SP500, MSFT )" command to generate an example to predict the 5-month moving average of Intel stock price one month ahead. The data set is the 5-month moving average of Intel, SP 500, and Microsoft.
  Example /Intel 5 (Avg of MSFT, SP500) Use the "Example/Intel 5 (Avg of MSFT, SP500)" command to generate an example to predict the 5-month moving average of Intel stock price one month ahead. The data set is the 5-month moving average of SP 500, and Microsoft.
 
 
  Example /a.txt Use the "Example/a.txt" command to link your data. If you use same data over and over again, you can save the data to "a.txt". Then click this command, your data is linked and opened.
 
 

If you are using one file over and over again, you can use the following methods:
 
 

Method 1:

 C:\Program Files\Attrasoft\Predictor 2.6\a.txt; Method 2:

 

Window
 
 

Window/Tile

Use the "Window/Tile" command to arrange your open data Windows so that all Windows are visible and roughly equally sized across the screen.
  Window/Cascade Use the "Window/Cascade" command to arrange your open data Windows so that all Windows are roughly equally sized and layered, leaving only their title bar and left border visible.
  Window/Arrange Icons Use the "Window/Arrange Icons" command to arrange the icons of data Windows. The icons for data Windows are created when you minimize the data file Windows.
  Window/Close All Use the "Window/Close All" command to close all of your opened data Windows.


Help
 
 

Help/Contents
 

To use on-line help, click Help|Contents or the Help-Button.

The on-line help has three parts:
 

 Commands
 
 

This part lists all the commands in the Menu bar. They are:
 
 

 Each one of them has a list of commands. Clicking any one of them will open a new list. For example, if you click File, a new list of commands will appear:
  Click any one of them, and the command will be explained. For example, if you click New, the following message will be displayed:
 
  "The File|New command opens a new, untitled document, and makes it the active window. The application prompts you to name untitled documents when they are closed."
  Toolbar

The toolbar has 19 buttons. You can identify these buttons by putting (not clicking) the mouse on top of a button and reading the status bar. They are listed in the following order:
 
 

File/New;

File/Open;

File/Save;
 
 

Data/Link

Data/Input

Data/Output
 
 

Real/+ Linear

Real/0 Linear

Real/-- Linear
 
 

Real/+ Exponential

Real/0 Exponential

Real/-- Exponential
 
 

Edit/Cut;

Edit/Copy;

Edit/Paste;
 
 

Edit/Undo;

File/Print;

File/Print Preview.

 Help/Contents

After clicking Help/Contents, if you click Toolbar, the above buttons will appear. If you want to know what the command does, click the command to see the explanation.
 
 

Procedure

Under the Procedure, you will see:

 Help/Using Help
 
The Help|Using Help displays the help Index.


Help/Note

Use the "Help/Note" command to open your private notes about the software. You can write your own notes here.
  Help/About Use the "Help/About" command to access the Attrasoft "About" information box. The "About" dialogue box contains information like the version number, the release date, the company address and the copyright information.
 

Toolbar and Status Bar
 
 

Predictor toolbar has the following buttons. They are listed in the following order:
 
 

File/New;

File/Open;

File/Save;
 
 

Data/Link

Data/Input

Data/Output
 
 

Real/+ Linear

Real/0 Linear

Real/-- Linear
 
 

Real/+ Exponential

Real/0 Exponential

Real/-- Exponential
 
 

Edit/Cut;

Edit/Copy;

Edit/Paste;
 
 

Edit/Undo;

File/Print;

File/Print Preview.

Help/Contents

 You can identify these buttons by putting (not clicking) the mouse on top of a button and reading the status bar.

The status bar explains all the commands in the menu bar and all the buttons on the toolbar.